Visit the Ringed Planet Saturn

Visit the Ringed Planet Saturn The Beauty of Saturn Saturn is the 6th planet from the Sun and among the most excellent in the close planetary system. Its named after the Roman lord of agribusiness. This world, which is the second biggest planet, is generally well known for its ring framework, which is obvious even from Earth. You can spot it with a couple of optics or a little telescope decently without any problem. The primary space expert to recognize those rings was Galileo Galilei. He saw them through his home-assembled telescope in the year 1610. From Handles to Rings Galileos utilization of the telescope was a shelter to the study of space science. In spite of the fact that he didnt understand the rings were independent from Saturn, heâ did portray them in his watching logs as handles, which provoked the curiosity of different space experts. In 1655, Dutch cosmologist Christiaan Huygens watched them and was the first to discover that these odd articles were really rings of material circumnavigating the planet. Prior to that time, individuals were very confused that a world could have such odd attachments.â Saturn, the Gas Giant The environment of Saturn is comprised of hydrogen (88 percent) and helium (11 percent) and hints of methane, smelling salts, alkali precious stones. Follow measures of ethane, acetylene, and phosphine are likewise present. Regularly mistook for a star when seen with the unaided eye, Saturn can be obviously observed with a telescope or optics. Investigating Saturn Saturn has been investigated on the spot by the Pioneer 11 and Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 rocket, just as the Cassini Mission. The Cassini rocket likewise dropped a test onto the outside of the biggest moon, Titan. It returned pictures of a solidified world, encased in a frosty water-alkali blend. Moreover, Cassini has discovered crest of water ice impacting from Enceladus (another moon), with particles that end up in the planets E ring. Planetary researchers have thought about different missions to Saturn and its moons, and more may well fly in the future.â Saturn Vital Statistics MEAN RADIUS: 58232 kmMASS: 95.2 (Earth1)DENSITY: 0.69 (g/cm^3)GRAVITY: 1.16 (Earth1)ORBIT PERIOD: 29.46 (Earth years)ROTATION PERIOD: 0.436 (Earth days)SEMIMAJOR AXIS OF ORBIT: 9.53 auECCENTRICITY OF ORBIT: 0.056 Satellites of Saturn Saturn has many moons. Here is a rundown of the biggest known ones. PanDistance (000km) 134 - Radius (km) 10 - Mass (kg) ? - Discovered By Year Showalter 1990 AtlasDistance (000km) 138 - Radius (km) 14 - Mass (kg) ? - Discovered By Year Terrile 1980 PrometheusDistance (000km) 139 - Radius (km) 46 - Mass (kg) 2.70e17 - Discovered By Year Collins 1980 PandoraDistance (000km) 142 - Radius (km) 46 - Mass (kg) 2.20e17 - Discovered By Year Collins 1980 EpimetheusDistance (000km) 151 - Radius (km) 57 - Mass (kg) 5.60e17 - Discovered By Year Walker 1980 JanusDistance (000km) 151 - Radius (km) 89 - Mass (kg) 2.01e18 - Discovered By Year Dollfus 1966 MimasDistance (000km) 186 - Radius (km) 196 - Mass (kg) 3.80e19 - Discovered By Year Herschel 1789 EnceladusDistance (000km) 238 - Radius (km) 260 - Mass (kg) 8.40e19 - Discovered By Year Herschel 1789 TethysDistance (000km) 295 - Radius (km) 530 - Mass (kg) 7.55e20 - Discovered By Year Cassini 1684 TelestoDistance (000km) 295 - Radius (km) 15 - Mass (kg) ? Reitsema - Discovered By Year 1980 CalypsoDistance (000km ) 295 - Radius (km) 13 - Mass (kg) ? Pascu - Discovered By Year 1980 DioneDistance (000km) 377 - Radius (km) 560 - Mass (kg) 1.05e21 - Discovered By Year Cassini 1684 HeleneDistance (000km) 377 - Radius (km) 16 - Mass (kg) ? - Discovered By Year Laques 1980 RheaDistance (000km) 527 - Radius (km) 765 - Mass (kg) 2.49e21 Cassini 1672 TitanDistance (000km) 1222 - Radius (km) 2575 - Mass (kg) 1.35e23 - Discovered By Year Huygens 1655 HyperionDistance (000km) 1481 - Radius (km) 143 - Mass (kg) 1.77e19 - Discovered By Year Bond 1848 IapetusDistance (000km) 3561 - Radius (km) 730 - Mass (kg) 1.88e21 - Discovered By Year Cassini 1671 PhoebeDistance (000km) 12952 - Radius (km) 110 - Mass (kg) 4.00e18 - Discovered By Year Pickering 1898 Refreshed via Carolyn Collins Petersen.

History of Juventus Essay

Edoardo Agnelli of the Agnelli family, proprietors of the Fiat organization dealt with the club in 1923.[7] They had a private arena in Villar Perosa (south-west of Turin) manufactured and a total arrangement of offices and administrations. This demonstrated a decent move for the club, as Juventus won their second Italian Championship during the 1925-26 season; they beat Alba Roma in the last with a total score of 12-1, Antonio Vojak’s objectives were fundamental that season.[5] From the 1930-31 through the 1934-35 season, Juventus gathered a record of five successive Italian class titles, four of which were under mentor Carlo Carcano;[5] the crew incorporated any semblance of Raimundo Orsi, Luigi Bertolini, Giovanni Ferrari and Luis Monti among others. Eminently, the club arrived at the semi-finals of the Mitropa Cup before going out to Czechoslovakian side Slavia Prague.[8] During 1933, Juventus moved to what is viewed as their first significant home; Stadio Benito Mussolini, it was worked in 1933 for the 1934 FIFA World Cup, holding a limit of 65,000.[9] It was initially named after Benito Mussolini who was Prime Minister of Italy at that point. Edoardo Agnelli kicked the bucket on 14 July 1935, this influenced the club’s class execution in a huge way as probably the most unmistakable players left not long after his passing. In spite of the fact that the club couldn't re-catch their structure for the remainder of the 1930s, they finished as sprinters up to Ambrosiana-Inter in the 1937-38 season.[5] After-World War II the club’s ground was renamed, Stadio Comunale and Edoardo’s child Gianni Agnelli was set up as privileged president;[7] the club added two more scudetto championship’s to their name in the 1949-50 and 1951-52 seasons, the last of which was under the administration of Englishman Jesse Carver. This sort of structure would be an indication of things to come later on. After a drought, Juventus marked Welshman John Charles and Italo-Argentine Omar Sivori in 1957 to play nearby Giampiero Boniperti (who had been with the club since 1946). This framework was fruitful for Juventus and they won Serie An out of 1957-58 and 1959-60 with Fiorentina completing second on the two events, the last of which was Juventus’ first historically speaking twofold, as they additionally won the Coppa Italia that season. This record breaking crew turned into the principal Italian clubs to win ten titles in 1961, in acknowledgment of this the club were granted a Golden Star for Sport Excellence (Stella d’Oro al Merito Sportivo) to wear on their shirt. Prominently, Omar Sivori turned into the first Juventus player to win the European Footballer of the Year that year too.[10] When Boniperti resigned in 1961, he resigned as the untouched top scorer at the club, with 182 objectives in all rivalries; a club record which would keep going for a long time. The last Juventus title triumph accompanied Heriberto Herrera as mentor in 1966-67,[5] an eminent players of this time was the dependable safeguard Sandro Salvadore. Juventus further cemented themselves as a pinnacle of solidarity in Italian football during the 1970s by winning the scudetto in 1971-72, 1972-73, 1974-75 and 1976-77,[5] just as arriving at the 1973 European Cup Final where they lost to Ajax. Instructed in the early piece of the decade by ÄÅ"estmã ­r Vycpã ¡lek, a Czech who had once played with Juventus (and Palermo), the Old Lady developed a solid crew of players to push them forward, with Gaetano Scirea, Dino Zoff, Roberto Bettega, Fabio Capello, and Brazilian Josã © Altafini who might turn into the joint-third most noteworthy scorer in Serie A history.[11] Franco Causio likewise turned into an exceptionally well known player at the club during the 1970s, in truth he was mainstream to such an extent that the club permitted him to wear his hair long, preceding Causio this was against the rules.[12] The club additionally furnished the group with legitimate proper wear (made by celebrated tailors) and constrained them to finish their instructive examinations. A large portion of its players stayed with Juventus until the finish of their vocations; many were given occupations with the club or for Fiat (and related organizations) in the wake of playing retirement.

The Creative Penn Has Much to Offer Writers

The Creative Penn Has Much to Offer Writers If you are a writer looking for information about the process of planning, writing, publishing and marketing your book, The Creative Penn is an excellent resource. In fact, it was voted one of the top 100 sites for writers by Writers Digest and offers over 1,000 articles and 100+ hours of audio and podcast information, as well as multiple downloads and bonus material. As the mastermind behind the website, Joanna Penn is an award-nominated, New York Times and USA Today bestselling author of thrillers under the penname J.F. Penn and offers valuable advice through several free and paid resources available on the website.Navigating the siteWith easy-to-navigate links and enough white space to make the text-heavy site readable, The Creative Penn suggests that visitors start here with a page full of great resources for novice and expert writers alike. At the top of the page, Penn offers her free eBook and video series, Author 2.0 Blueprint, in which she shares everything you need to write, publish and market your book, as well as how to become an author-entrepreneur. Her websites visitors will need to provide and confirm their email address to download the free resource.WritingNext on the sites navigation is a link to Penns free resources on writing and editing. On this page, she offers articles and tips based on the following topics:How to Write Fiction: 7 Steps to Write Your NovelHow to Write a Non-Fiction BookHow to Find Time to WriteHow to Find and Capture Ideas for your NovelHow to Research your Book and When to StopSelf-doubt and Imposter SyndromeYou Have PermissionOn Writing and The Fear of JudgmentWhat is your Definition of Success as a Writer?How to Write More and Create A Daily Writing HabitHow to Use Dictation to Write Faster and Become a Healthier WriterProductivity for Writers: 5 Ways to Become More Productive5 Ways to Get Your First Draft Material Out of Your Head and Onto the Page8 Ways Scrivener Will Help You Become a Proficient WriterUsing Different Author Names or a Pseudonym as a WriterEditing, Revisions and Proofreading: What Happens After the First Draft?How to Find and Work with a Professional EditorTutorial: How to Improve your Writing with GrammarlyMy list of Recommended EditorsAfter following some of the links along this extensive list, I found a wealth of information on all aspects of writing and locating the right professional editor for your work. I particularly enjoyed the information she provides on setting goals and deadlines for yourself to stay productive as a writer and get more accomplished in less time. Many of the links also show videos of the author and guide the reader toward additional resources (both free and paid) that are available online and through Amazon.Self-PublishingThe next page full of links on The Creative Penn relates to self-publishing. In this section, the topics she goes into in depth include:Self-Publishing Overview and TipsPros and Cons of Traditional vs. Self-publishing5 Important Steps Before You Self-PublishWhat is Your Definition of Success? How Will you Measure it?How to Self-Publish an EbookHow to Format an Ebook and a Print Book with VellumThe Pros and Cons of Exclusivity with AmazonHow to Self-Publish a Print BookHow to Self-Publish an AudiobookHow to Record Your Own AudiobookWhat if you need help self-publishing? How to Find the Best Service and Avoid Getting Ripped OffSell More Books with Boxsets and BundlingTurn your Non-Fiction Book into a WorkbookHow Much Does It Cost to Self-Publish?Successful Self-Publishing Tips with Joanna Penn and Mark DawsonTop 5 Mistakes of Indie Authors and How to Avoid ThemThis section contains anything and everything you could ever want to know about how to self-publish your book, including information on recording your own audiobook and creating a workbook for your nonfiction book. I especially liked watching the videos she includes on many of these links, such as this one.Its obvious from Penns easygoing instruction and exp ertise that she knows what shes talking about when it comes to writing and publishing a book, and its nice to have a sort of insiders glance at the world of self-publishing from someone who has done it often and become successful at it.MarketingThe marketing section of the blog is where Penns expertise really shows. In the first part, she discusses the basics and prerequisites for author marketing success, followed by the polarities of book marketing and where you sit on the scale, the book marketing mindset for authors, when to start marketing your book and how to balance your time.She follows that section with topics such as how to attract readers with a great book sales description, how to choose the right categories and keywords for your book, pricing books and offering free copies, using author pseudonyms, using box-sets and bundling, and writing a series.Following this, she offers a great tutorial on how to build your author website in under 30 minutes. Having set up websites on my own and knowing the amount of work that goes into it (especially for a website design newbie), I decided to pay special attention to this section. As with other articles on her blog, Penn offers helpful resources such as a YouTube video and a free downloadable PDF to help authors set up their sites. She even offers a discounted affiliate link through BlueHost.com, which is the hosting platform she suggests for other authors.Its important to keep in mind that to build the website in 30 minutes, as Penn suggests is possible, you have to have a blog already set up on WordPress. Her instructions include a WordPress plugin through Blue Host that allows your WordPress site to basically transfer over. So yes, Im sure this can be done in 30 minutes but if an author is starting from scratch (without a blog already published on WordPress), they should not expect the site to be done within that timeframe.From an online marketing perspective, Penns advice on building and maintaining email lists for steady income includes a case study showing how she grew her own email list as and author. This particular resource is chock full of helpful advice on some of the finer points of automating email marketing campaigns. Penn explains that she went 603 people on her email list in November 2014 to 2,255 in January 2015 following this series of steps, which she clearly lays out for her reader. From a marketing perspective, I found the content to be extremely helpful to decode some of the confusion around email marketing campaigns and their usefulness.EntrepreneurIf you want to know how to make writing your day job and successful career, theres no better person to ask than someone who does just that. Based in Bath, England and a self-proclaimed travel junkie, Joanna Penn is a New York Times and USA Today bestselling thriller author who has written over 27 books. She is also an international professional speaker and award-winning creative entrepreneur. She has also written and se lf-published several nonfiction titles related to writing, including How To Market A Book, Business for Authors: How to be an Author Entrepreneur, How to Make a Living with your Writing, The Successful Author Mindset, The Healthy Writer, Successful Self-Publishing, Public Speaking for Authors, Creatives and Other Introverts, and Career Change.The Creative Penn PodcastFor writers who prefer to listen to interviews with authors and tips about writing, the podcast available on The Creative Penn website is free and available on RSS, iTunes, Android, Stitcher, and YouTube. With a combination of interviews, inspiration and information, the podcasts are posted every Monday and there are currently over 350 podcast episodes available to listen to and/or download.Some of the most recent podcast episodes listed are:#386 â€" Foolproof Dictation and Zero Social Media with Christopher Downing#385 â€" How to Write Effective Injuries For Your Characters with Samantha Keel#384 â€" The Artists Journe y with Steven Pressfield#383 â€" Tips for Editing your Book with Natasa Lekic from NY Book Editors#382 â€" Redesign your Life to Prioritize your Writing with David Kadavy#381 â€" Writing with Depression with Michaelbrent CollingsCoursesThe Creative Penn website also provides access to three courses taught by Joanna Penn: How to Write a Novel, How to Write Non-Fiction: Turn Your Knowledge Into Words and Creative Freedom: How to Make a Living With Your Writing.The How to Write a Novel course is described as a step-by-step guide to understanding story structure and the elements of a novel, and then writing and editing your manuscript. The price at the time of this review is $297 or $50 per month for six months. According to Penn, it contains downloadable audio and PDF slides to allow students to learn at their own pace, with five modules along with extra QA videos with Joanna Penn.The How to Write Non-Fiction: Turn Your Knowledge Into Words course, according to Penn, will save you time , effort and frustration on your author journey. Penn describes the course as one in which she shares the business models of writing non-fiction, mindset issues around writing, the details of how to research, write and edit your book, dictation and productivity tips, as well as publishing, product creation, marketing and more.The Creative Freedom: How to Make a Living With Your Writing course is designed to be used to build a long-term sustainable business as an author entrepreneur and is an advanced-level course, available for writers who have already published a book. According to Penns description, it is specifically designed for writers who have a book or books but arent making money from them or writers who currently make some money from their writing but not enough.

Communication Across Generations Essay - 1160 Words

Communication across Generations Supervising staff and volunteers from ages fourteen to ninety can be a challenging task. These age groups make up the four different generations: Traditionalist, Baby Boomers, Generation X’ers, and Generation Y’ers. Traditionalist, (born 1925-1946) may need a little prodding to communicate their needs and they prefer written communication plans. Baby Boomers, (born 1946-1964) are aware of technology but still prefer to communicate by telephone and they call themselves the age of the memo. Generation X’ers, (born 1965-1982) commonly prefer short concise communication. Generation Y’ers, (born 1983-2000) prefer short, quick e-mails, texting and mobile phone applications to communicate. The hospital†¦show more content†¦Her name kept appearing on a list, indicating she needed to complete this task. I emailed her three times with the step-by-step directions about how to complete the declination form. She never responded to me or completed this task. My director instructed her to complete this task and walked her through the process. As a member of the Traditionalist Generation, she respects authority, not wanting to disappoint my director. I should have paid closer attention to her nonverbal communication and gone to her for task completion. Being a member of this generation, I may fail to listen actively to those Baby Boomer and Traditionalists that I interact with daily. This incident also raises another issue. POH employees depend on e-mail and the intranet for our as our main sources of communication, but we still have employees who are unsure of their computer literacy. All employees should receive mandatory training on e-mailing and the intranet to be competent in these areas. The ability to provide our patients with a remarkable patient experience is the number-one responsibility of our staff. Each generation has their own communication style, these styles allows them to provide a remarkable patient experience for all our patients. Without communication tools, each generation is unable to communicate to the patient. I have a patient advocate who reports to me. She is a member of the Baby Boomer Generation. Her communication styleShow MoreRelatedCommunication Across Generations652 Words   |  3 PagesCommunication Across Generations Communication is the giving and receiving of information between people. Communication can be verbal, non-verbal, written, and can even be conveyed through body language. Information in the form of a thought, idea or feeling is put into words by the sender and sent to the receiver, who receives the message and interprets it in a way that can be understood. 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One of the biggest problems with this invention was all the telegraph lines it would take to operate the telegraph. The telegraph was unique compared to other communication technologies that came laterRead MoreThe Next Generation Of Virtualization And Software Defined Networking ( SDN?842 Words   |  4 PagesThe Next Generation of Virtualization and Software Defined Networking (SDN) The network infrastructure industry is evolving and following a path of first generation server hardware to application-specific servers to virtual machines. The second generation is migrating from function-specific network hardware to software-based virtual functions. Now, software defined networking (SDN) offers nearly infinite economies of scale by replacing expensive networking hardware with software. SDN moves networkRead MoreManaging Emoji s Effectively Within A Managerial Context1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthe same. 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Although some believe the benefits of technology outweigh the drawbacks, there is overwhelming evidence toRead MorePersonal Philosophy Of Leadership And Generational Lines974 Words   |  4 PagesAPPROACH TO LEADERSHIP 2 Personal Approach to Leadership across Cultural and Generational Lines The world seems to be getting smaller, and a harmonized place of work seems to be something of the yesteryears. Instead, current leaders are required to deal with a diversity of employees across generational in addition to cultural lines, respectively with their personal values, work ethic, as well as desires. The situation

Good Csr - Bad Csr in Telecommunications Industry

6/6/2011 IMI EXAMPLES OF GOOD CSR AND BAD CSR IN TELECOMMUNICATION IN INDUSTRY Evaluating CSR using BL Framework | Ashwani K Sinha CONT ENTS 1. 2. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 3 SELECTION OF INDUSTRY .................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 CSR issues in general ......................................................................................................................................... 3 CSR issues specific to the telecommunications industry†¦show more content†¦13 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS .................................................................................................................................. 13 APPENDIX ......................................................................................................................................................... 14 8.1 8.2 About M-Pesa .................................................................... .............................................................................. 14 About txteagle ................................................................................................................................................. 15 9. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................... 16 2 1. INTRODUCTION Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become the corporate buzzword. There are as many perspectives on CSR as are multitude of companies, thinkers and experts. It has evolved majorly over the last few decades in a big way and opinions vary on what CSR actually means and what it doesn’t. At a general level it is seen to include the responsibilities of firms beyond simply contributing to economic growth, and focuses on environmental and societal concerns. As a result of the increased attention around this concept, a variety of tools and guidelines to help companies implement and report on CSR activities have beenShow MoreRelatedAssess the Corporate Social Responsibility of Telecommunication Industries1775 Words   |  8 PagesCHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Mobile telecommunication industries in this country with time have increasingly played major roles in not only the lives of the people within the community in which they are situated but also in the total economic well being of the country as a whole through their social responsibility activities. The Mobile telecommunication industry in this country has increased tremendously within the past couple of years, and have increasingly played major roles in notRead MoreThe Concept Of Corporate Social Responsibility Essay3395 Words   |  14 Pagesindirectly. This understanding is the result of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). 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It is the corporate plan to assess and takeRead MoreThe Global Economy Of Apple Inc. Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Apple Inc. Apple Inc. Credited for her immense contribution in the communication sector, Apple Inc is one of the most successful communication gadgets company in the world. It has played an immense role in setting the trend and pace for other industry players. The company has several business strategies that have seen it scale to great heights (Cullen, 2013). Although Apple has been in existence for many years, her upward trend began in the year 2007. This is when the company produced the I-phoneRead MoreSeminar 2 Essay example2770 Words   |  12 Pagesstakeholder theory can also be useful to the settings in trying to state whether and how the football clubs do listen to the stakeholder’s interests. Also in this context the clubs can rely on their loyal customer base. 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Name: Hisham Reda Student ID: NEC2160104 Supervisor: Dr. Tina Huesing Date of Submission: 10.04.2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I know it’s not a thesis or a huge research to write an acknowledgements but I wanted to thank Dr. Tina Huesing for being a great teacherRead MoreInternational Business Study Guide5732 Words   |  23 PagesGlobalization 2 - Companies; ïÆ'Ëœ Globalization 3 - Individuals. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lp4znWHvjU Drivers Of Globalization Two Macro Factors Underlie The Trend Toward Greater Globalization: ïÆ'Ëœ The Decline In Barriers To The Free Flow Of Goods, Services, Capital That Has Occurred Since The End of World War II ïÆ'Ëœ Technological Change 13 Declining Trade Investment Barriers During The 1920s ‘30s, Many Of The NationStates Of The World Erected Formidable Barriers To International TradeRead MoreThe Niger Delta Region Of Nigeria Essay10130 Words   |  41 PagesNigeria by undertaking increased corporate social responsibility(â€Å"CSR†) initiatives that provide for environmental friendly practices as well as direct social benefits such as local employment, new infrastructure, schools and improved health care delivery. In addition, the Nigerian regulatory measures enforcing the adoption of codes and conduct of CSR policies by these companies, their reporting practices and interaction with leading CSR institutions have either been non-existent or inadequately formulated

God s Holiness And Illustration Of Holy Justice - 1377 Words

Towards a Definition of God’s Holiness Illustration of Holy Justice Erika Dickerson PM101B: Spiritual Life September 5, 2014 Throughout biblical narratives, God reveals a host of â€Å"attributes,† which I call perfections, about His divine nature, character, and function. At the center of God’s distinct, wholly unified qualities is holiness: the fundamental tenant underscored in other perfections like justice and grace. The etymological derivation of the Hebrew word (× §Ã—“ט) meaning, â€Å"to be holy† is qud, or â€Å"to cut or separate.† Anderson proposes that God’s holiness is revealed to us in Genesis 1:1-2 where He is distinct from the unshaped, chaotic earth but hovers â€Å"over the surface of waters.† The text reveals a positional understanding of God in relation to His creation; God is separate from nature and (wo)mankind. As Dyrness suggests, this separation disproves Near Eastern notions that holiness was entwined with nature since holiness existed before humans ever experienced it and is primarily linked to God and â€Å"bursts forth into the earth,† conveyed through people and places secondarily and only by His authority. Gentry sums up the ideas of Anderson and Dyrness in explaining that God’s holiness translates to â€Å"(absolute moral) purity and transcendence† but goes further to argue that the distance between God and creation does not imply inaccessibility, but a call to consecration and devotion, which makes God’s holiness, as AndersonShow MoreRelatedSummary Of A World Full Of Sin 3360 Words   |  14 Pagesin a world full of sin means that we do not deserve to experience the Kingdom of God, but with the Love of Christ and putting our faith in Christ we can dwell in the presence of God. Nothing we do can separate us from God and His love for us if we believe in Him. 2. Structural Analysis I. Faith Triumphs (5:1-21) II. The New Life in Christ (6:1-14) III. From Slaves of Sin to Slaves of God (6:15-23) IV. An Illustration from Marriage (7:1-25) V. The Life-Giving Spirit (8:1-30) VI. The Believer’s TriumphRead MoreThe Debate Of Wisdom Literature2468 Words   |  10 Pagescoming from God, and unlike the prophets, who claim to speak the ‘word of the Lord’, on God’s behalf, wisdom does not purport to be truth (Borg: 2001:148). The conventional world-view of some wisdom writings is that righteousness leads to an ordered universe. Wisdom literature comes in two major categories: Proverbial wisdom consisting of short, succinct sayings which provide basic rules for personal happiness and welfare. The book of Proverbs is a classic example of this within Holy Scripture.Read MoreThe Between Wisdom, Righteousness And Religious Devotion2462 Words   |  10 Pagesthe laws of the Pentateuch, which were proposed in coming from God, and unlike the prophets, who claim to speak the ‘word of the Lord’, on God’s behalf, this wisdom does not purpose to be truth (Borg: 2001:148). Wisdom literature comes in two major categories: Proverbial wisdom consisting of short, succinct sayings which provide basic rules for personal happiness and welfare. The book of Proverbs is a classic example of this within Holy Scripture. Speculative wisdom consists of monologues (e.g. Ecclesiastes)Read MoreA Great Leader - The Messiah5208 Words   |  21 Pagesrevelation is necessary for understanding messianic prophecy. Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader and commander to the people (Isiah 55:4) . It can be cross-referenced with Ezekiel 34:24, â€Å"And I the LORD will be their God, and my servant David a prince among them; I the LORD has spoken it and Revelation 1:5 and from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, and the first begotten of the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved us, and washedRead MoreLiberty University Bibl 323 John Module 6 Notes Essay9463 Words   |  38 PagesI. Question One: Where are you going? (13:36; 14:1–4). â€Å"Simon Peter asked him, ‘Lord, where are you going?’ Jesus replied, ‘Where I am going, you cannot follow now, but you will follow later. Do not let your hearts be troubled. Trust in God; trust also in me. In my Father’s house are many rooms; if it were not so, I would have told you. I am going there to prepare a place for you. And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come back and take you to be with me that you also may Read MoreBiblical Models of Servant Leadership13223 Words   |  53 Pages THE NEED: BIBILICAL MODELS OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP Introduction There are basic attitudes which we see in the lives of those whom God called to servant leadership in the Bible. These include a serving attitude where the leader sees his[1] primary responsibility to those whom he leads as to serve and develop them to fulfill their God-given mandate. The leader serves by putting on a redeeming attitude, like Moses and Joshua. In other words he takes responsibility for those he leads

Voodoo Speech free essay sample

What Will Be Covered Today, Im going to be talking about the roots of voodoo and what it actually is, the two types of voodoo, voodoo rituals and superstitions, and why voodoo is perceived as a negative or controversial topic. What Is Voodoo? Im sure everyone has their own perception of voodoo inside their head. Most people think includes black magic, evil spirits, and causing harm to others. However, voodoo is actually a complex tradition of faiths and beliefs that combine into an overall world full of religion and magic. It is believed to have started sometime around 1724 in Africa, Haiti specifically. Today, there are still people in parts of the United States that believe in voodoo and practice it. Voodoo embraces the entirety of human experience meaning that usually people practice it for personal purposes. The Two Types of Voodoo There are two types of voodoo: Haitian voodoo New Orleans voodoo. We will write a custom essay sample on Voodoo Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although they are similar for the most part, they do have their differences. Haitian voodoo is a pagan religion which means it involves only one God. However, voodooists believe in communication through spirits called the Loa. The Loa are similar to the Greek gods in their religion. New Orleans voodoo exists because of Haitian immigrants who have traveled to the United States and resided in the New Orleans. These immigrants have changed voodoo up a bit in order to be specific to their new location. Although voodoo is an ancient religion, 15% of New Orleans residents still participate in voodoo somehow today. Haitian Voodoo Rituals Haitian voodoo rituals are practiced for the main purpose of healing. They use herbs as remedies and believe they give off magical healing powers. Voodoo rituals often call to the Loa. There are two main families in the Loa: the Rada and the Petro. The Rada family are more kindred and kind spirited who voodooists call upon for healing, or good luck. However, the Petro family are more bitter and are called upon for moments of vengeance and rage. Animal sacrifice is another ritual. It is the practice of making holy offerings. New Orlean Voodoo Rituals New Orleans voodoo rituals differ from those of Haitian voodoo because of their emphasis on voodoo queens, gris-gris, superstitions and spells. Voodoo queens were central figures to voodoo in the United States. They looked over ceremonial meetings and ritual dance while also obtaining income by making charms, amulets and magical powders that were guaranteed to have special healing powers. The most legendary voodoo queen was Marie Laveau because of her special powers and ability to do exorcisms. She quickly overthrew the other voodoo queens of New Orleans. Gris-Gris is a voodoo amulet which is believed to protect whomever wears it from evil and will provide them with good luck. New Orleans voodoo is also known for their superstitions, however, they arent central to the actual faith. These superstitions are just resulted from ancient Louisana voodoo tradition and have influenced the faith. Why is Voodoo shown in a Negative Light? Im sure before I talked about voodoo, you expected something totally different. I, myself, thought voodoo was actually all about black magic and evil spirits. However, voodoo is not actually negative. When the early Haitian slaves came over to different parts of the world, they also brought over their faith. However, because they were black and their religion was not recognized, it was prejudged as evil. The priests were known as witchdoctors, the Loa were thought to be evil when in reality, the faith is not too different from any other religion out there. Also, because voodoo still has negative connotations, Hollywood puts out negative images of voodoo in movies, shows, and even music because they dont fully understand the real definition. Conclusion To go back to what was already said, voodoo is an actual tradition combined with religion and magic. It is an actual religion that in some parts of the world is practiced today. The two types of voodoo are Haitian voodoo and New Orleans voodoo and Ive already mentioned their similarities and differences. So now that you understand what voodoo really is you no longer have to be scared of it or find it creepy. Its just a religion. Now you can go out and discover new faiths, religions or traditions that you dont really know much about. Maybe it will become important to you someday.

Wolfe Implementing Self-Directed Taems free essay sample

RL Wolfe: Implementing Self-Directed Teams Introduction and Background Analysis This case was about the implementation of self-directed teams (SDTs) at the new pipe manufacturing plant of RL Wolfe located in Corpus Christi, Texas. The assessment took place in the second quarter of 2007, four years after the initial implementation of the SDT structure. The main change agents were John Amasi, RL Wolfe’s Director of Production and Engineering, and Jay Winslow, the Corpus Christi plant manager. Winslow was hired by Amasi to help in the planning and implementation of SDTs in the new Corpus Christi plant acquired by RL Wolfe in 2003. In contrast to Wolfe’s Austin and Columbus plants, the new plant was not unionized and was structured differently than the unionized plants in terms of job distinctions, work roles, and workers’ level of autonomy and involvement in decision-making. Amasi expected that after the implementation of SDTs, the Corpus Christi plant would achieve high productivity defined by him as 95% or more of design capacity. We will write a custom essay sample on Wolfe: Implementing Self-Directed Taems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Meanwhile, the Wolfe’s Austin and Columbus plastic pipe manufacturing plants were running at 70% and 65% of design capacity respectively. Amasi’s Assessment Amasi arrived in Corpus Christi in May of 2007 to evaluate the results of the implementation of STDs. He found that the productivity level was at 82%- extensively higher than at Austin or Columbus’ plants, but still well below Amasi’s initial target of 95%. Efficiency levels on the third shift were considerably lower than for the first and second shift. Absentee rates were notably below the average for the first and second shifts, although they remained equivalent for the third shift. Leadership style and the role of the coordinator had changed positively, with 80% of the decisions about work made on the factory grounds versus through direction by the coordinator. The assessment exposed some problems in performance evaluations, ongoing tensions between the technicians and the line operators and material handlers, who felt they lacked status compared to the technicians. Besides there was worker frustration over perceived management failure to hand over promised control, and critical questions about just how much freedom to give the SDTs. Challenges Although the Corpus Christi plant had higher productivity and lower absenteeism rates compared to the ones at the other Wolfe plants, it was still not performing at the â€Å"high productivity† level that Amasi anticipated. Implementation of SDTs at the Corpus Christi plant had been associated with these superior results. The challenge is to figure out how to better utilize the SDT at Corpus Christi to drive productivity, as well as determine whether or not to implement SDTs to Wolfe’s other plants. Interventions Analysis The SDT arrangement in place at the Corpus Christi plant represented a completely different organizational structure than in the other Wolfe’s plants. Amasi assumed it would be easy to establish SDTs at Corpus Christi since this was an entirely new plant for the company. Although Amasi was able to get a new start with mostly new workers and a new plant, he did not consider the cost of the lack of congruence between SDTs and the culture and organizational structure in the broader organization. Although it is not stated in the case, it seems that there was no pressure to change structure due to any competitive advantage. Amasi solely took the decision of establishing SDTs in the new plant based on his readings and perceptions about the potential productivity improvement. I believe he needed to evaluate first the skills and culture required for the success of SDTs. From the case I can infer that the other two plants at Wolfe had a hierarchical structure with rigid job classifications and weight on the worth of seniority. There is strong evidence that the overall organizational culture and management style has historically been authoritarian. Wolfe’s culture lacked consensus-building and genuine participation in the decision-making processes, which are crucial characteristics for SDTs’ success. Although it was estimated that after three years of SDTs’ creation, the teams made 80% of the decisions, I cannot certainly infer that there was a change from an autocratic culture to one of consensus. Apparently, teams were empowered but at the same time they were not allowed to set performance goals or participate in strategic plans for the overall company. The limited empowerment might hinder the ability of SDTs to effectively work. I recommend a transition system where SDTs set their own performance goals, in coordination with management’s goals. The fact that operators complained bout having to wait for maintenance personnel to come in and repair problems, showed that they were willing to carry out these repairs themselves. I believe this is an indicator that operators were interested in self-management to some extent. This is a positive frame for SDTs success. Amasi’s expectation of getting 95% of productivity within three years was too optimistic. It repre sented an improvement of about 40% over the performance of the other two plants. A change in the culture of an organization cannot be done overnight, but instead is a process that takes time and perseverance. SDTs achieve gains when there is congruence among culture and organizational structure, skills and ability of the workers, opportunities to participate, supportive management, appropriate mix of team incentives, and the right environmental conditions. I believe Amasi needed to be more realistic and aware that this transformation required time and systematic OD interventions. Moreover, while higher productivity levels have been associated with the implementation of SDTs at Wolfe, there may be other reasons for this improvement. For instance, Corpus Christi was a new plant with workers and managers more attentive to tasks and goals. In addition, through the meticulous hiring process, Amasi and Winslow might get better workers than their counterparts in Columbus or Austin. The poor performance of the third shift (night hours) was present not only at the Corpus Christi plant but also in Wolfe’s other plants. The attempt of Winslow to solve this issue was rejected by the SDTs who saw this intervention as a lack of keeping the promise to allow self-direction. It might be worthwhile to give the SDTs the tools to investigate the problem. The reason for the shift’s poor performance could be the dissatisfaction of the workers with their poor family life (not able to share with family members during day hours), and the lack of any compensation differential; ultimately this caused workers to lose their motivation. At the manufacturing plant where I was a supervisor, workers rotated across different shifts allowing everyone to set a family time during the month. They had also a slightly higher remuneration to compensate the hardiness of the third shift. Winslow promoted a growing division between the line-level factory workers and the workers designated as â€Å"technicians. † I believe that Winslow gave preferential consideration to technicians when he wanted feedback of SDTs’ performance. This contributed to an increased gap between the two levels of workers. One of the principles of SDTs is egalitarian value (all members need to be treated as equals), which had been undermined through these actions. I would recommend doing some icebreaker activities and training that lead both levels of workers to improve their relationship. Besides, there was a fairly high turnover of floor workers, which means the membership within the teams changed frequently. This could hinder team cohesion and productivity. Winslow needed to improve workers’ motivation through egalitarianism, compensation and stimulating training programs, such as the Teachable Point of View used by Ford. I want to point out that Amasi and Winslow did not include a clear incentive program to compensate the additional responsibilities acquired by workers through SDTs’ implementation. The extra $2 per hour that Amasi initially considered was eliminated because of union concerns. Although SDTs might help to perform the same job more efficiently, I believe team players needed a compensation incentive to enhance their commitment. I recommended a systemized team-based performance evaluation system. Finally, I would recommend that Amasi and Winslow continue working together to improve SDTs with the target of further increasing in productivity (a more realistic 90% goal). Once the SDT structure has been refined, Amasi should meet Wolfe’s top managers to present the requirements and advantages of implementing SDTs at Austin and Columbus’ plants. I believe that Corpus Christi can be used as a benchmark for implementing SDTs at Wolfe’s other plants. At the end, overall Wolfe’s transformation in culture, structure, people, and task would set the SDTs’ requirements for success: enhanced productivity and competitiveness. Appendix (1) Self-directed team is defined as a committed, multi-skilled, multifunctional group with responsibility for the completion of a fairly whole piece of work and the control of all input, output, and underneath variables and conditions that influence team performance.

Explication of All the Kings Men article essays

Explication of All the King's Men article essays Mark Royden Winchells article in the Mississippi Quarterly entitled O Happy Sin! Felix Culpa in All the Kings Men is a very interesting read because it really examines the characters of Adam Stanton, Willie Stark, and Jack Burden in a new way. There are some drawbacks to the article however. I think Winchell chose to use too many quotes from other scholarly articles. The assumption could be made that just over half of what is written is in the authors own words. Also, although the article is interesting, it is more of a supplementary read to help understand some of the characters better; it does not really critique the novel as a whole. In the article, Winchell argues that in All the Kings Men, Robert Penn Warren examines the paradox of the fortunate fall. Winchell states in his article that the Fortunate Fall is the fall from innocence and its psychological and moral consequences (572). Winchell also separates this metaphor into three groups, or parties. The first is labeled the party of hope, who sees the world as a reborn Adam, who still has a chance at being morally righteous. The second, the party of memory, views our world as a moral extension of the old. The third, labeled the party of irony, states that spiritual rebirth can occur only after one has discarded the illusion of innocence and has accepted the full burden of a fallen humanity(572). This introduction as very long, it took three pages before the author even began to examine the characters under this theme. Winchell then focused on the characters of Adam, Willie, and Jack, and how they each confronted their respective fall from innocence. Adam Stanton is the character that does not accomplish the feat of being reborn after falling from innocence. As Winchell put it cleverly, he exists in a sort of psychic Ede...

Schools Discourage Creativity in Children and Teachers Essay

Schools Discourage Creativity in Children and Teachers - Essay Example A few unsavory truths about today's educational system would put our educationists in a tight spot. Educationists and researchers have long felt that this was an educational system deliberately designed to produce mediocre students, to restrict creativity and introspection, to deny leadership skills to students, and to ensure submissive and incomplete citizens. This was done in order to raise a generation that would be easily manageable. A generation of people who would be as trusting and unquestioning as children, a generation that would consist of grown-ups who are not ready to think out of the box, but let go of their originality and instead follow herd mentality in whatever they undertook. That education need not be linked to the number of years of formal schooling has proved true time and again. The twelve year schooling process might not necessarily be a complete learning process. History is witness to numerous successful people who rose and shone to great heights; either completely without a formal education or without having successfully completed their schooling process. Throughout most of American history, kids generally didn't go to high school, yet the unschooled rose to be admirals, like Farragut; inventors, like Edison; captains of industry, like Carnegie and Rockefeller; writers, like Melville and Twain and Conrad; and even scholars, like Margaret Mead George. Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln too are testimony to this fact. In recent times, Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft Corporation is a classic example of a child who did not want to conform to the norms of mediocrity and monotony taught in schools. Under the garb of competition, today's education system has been successful in bringing out the primal instincts of fear, jealousy, immaturity, and greed among children and grown-ups alike; instead of leading humanity towards noble ideas and ideologies of excellence within the self and tolerance and appreciation of another's brilliance. Comparison and contrasting have become a daily exercise for both children and grown-ups alike. Manufacturers and entrepreneurs are having a field day as the present generation is into consumerism like never before. Large corporations and policymakers are the sole deciding agents for today's consumer.  

Goya's third of May, 1808 and Velazquez's Surrender at Breada Essay

Goya's third of May, 1808 and Velazquez's Surrender at Breada - Essay Example One needs to have a thorough understanding of the historical and cultural backgrounds in which these masterly paintings were composed. The 17th century Dutch witnessed the full ushering of painting, architecture, and sculpture. It was actually the Golden Age in the history of the Dutch. Culturally the country got advanced. The citizenry played a major role in the all round development of the country especially in the cultural advancement of the country. There were many cultural associations in the cities which contributed very much to the development of literary activities like poetry, drama, discussions etc. Calvinism as a form of religion got great impetus in the period. Even though lack of political stability created much chaos in the minds of the people it did not affect the ushering of arts in any way. It was in this background that Velazquez composed his ever memorable work namely Surrender at Breda. Culture of Spain is mostly Iberian culture marked by Roman influence in every realm. Muslim influence is vividly seen in the country during the period. It was against this background that Goya composed his master piece Third of May, 1808. There was an overall development in every field in the country. Culture of the country is manifested in its literature, painting, music etc. They are the main cultural aspects in which these works of art were given shape. Goya's Art are characterized... In this master piece many of his characteristic styles are imprinted. The work is famous for its use of realism, rich colors, lights and shadows etc. These characteristics styles can be found in almost all his works. The subject matter of The Third of May 1808 by Goya is that "it commemorates Spanish resistance to Napoleon's armies during the occupation of 1808. The work has an emotional force which secures its status as a ground breaking, archetypal image of the horrors of war." (Thomas). On the other hand Surrender at Breda by Velazquez is about" an event that took place on June 2 , 1625 when the Dutch governor, Justin de Nassau, delivered the keys of the city, symbolically, to Ambrosio de Spinola, the Spanish commander. This happened in fact three days after the city was taken. In 1639, shortly after the canvas was painted, Spain lost the city forever; it was conquered by Frederick Henry of Orange." (Velzquez). Symbols, colors and iconography are lavishly used in Velazquez's Surrender at Breda to bring effectiveness to the work. The use of these literary devices was very much the part of the culture of that time. In Goya's The Third of May 1808 the literary device symbolism is abundantly used to bring about catharsis on the beholder. Symbolism in the work explains its influence on the art world and the society. The other literary devices like iconography are not so lavishly used in Goya's The Third of May 1808 as in Velazquez's Surrender at Breda. There are many differences rather than similarities between these two works of art namely Goya's third of May, 1808 and Velazquez's Surrender at Breda. The main similarity between these works lies in their mode of painting i.e. both are oil on

Parasite-Induced Changes in Host Behaviour

Parasite-Induced Changes in Host Behaviour Parasite-Induced Changes in Host Behaviour: Is it Truly Parasitic Manipulation? Introduction Behavioural changes in the host when infected with a parasite were first observed in 1952, when van Dobben discovered that fish caught by cormorants (waterbird) were more likely to play intermediate host to the cestode, Ligula intestinalis than fish caught by fishermen (cited in Thomas et al., 2005). However it wasn’t until 1972 that the ability of parasites to manipulate their host’s behaviour in order to facilitate their transmission was discovered and demonstrated by Holmes and Bethel (cited in Poulin, 2000). They showed that infection of the parasite, Polymorphus paraoxus caused the amphipod, Gammaeras lacustris to display abnormal behaviours that led to an increase in its predation by ducks, the definitive host of the parasite. Since then there has been considerable research carried out in this area supporting the idea that parasites have adapted in order to manipulate their host, with a large number of parasites now known to cause changes to their hosts behaviour. There is a wide array of influenced behaviours from anti-predator behaviour e.g. mice infected with the tapeworm, Taenia crassiceots show no stress response to predation (Wheat, 2009); to reproductive behaviour e.g. female mice infected with the nematode, Trinchinella spiralis show inhibition of their sexual behaviours, limiting possible mate response (Kavaliers et al., 2000). In a few cases completely new behaviours in infected hosts have been observed, for example orb-weaving spiders infected by a parasitic wasp build unusual webs that are designed to protect the emerging larva once the host spider dies (Eberhard, 2010). More recently, the idea of parasitic manipulation has come under criticism, due to the lack of supporting evidence demonstrating that these behavioural changes provide parasites with a fitness benefit (a prerequisite of an adaptive trait), either in the form of increased transmission or survival (Poulin, 1998) and has therefore been suggested that the observed ch anges may just be an inevitable consequence of infection, or in some cases mediated by the host itself in order to counteract the negative fitness effects of parasitic infection. Understanding the origin of these behavioural changes is of great importance as there are many manipulative parasites that have implications for human health, such as malaria which alters the behaviour in the mosquito in order to increase transmission to humans (Lynch et al., 2014) and Toxoplasma gondii which can alter the personality of infected individuals (Worth et al., 2014). Manipulative parasites are also seen as playing as important a role as predation in shaping biological communities, even having an influence on non-host species (Hatcher et al., 2014). Adaptive vs. Non-adaptive Behavioural Change The argument that some of the previously observed behavioural changes of the host during parasitic infection are non-adaptive and just a consequence of infection generally refers to three different kinds of phenomena (Thomas et al., 2005). The first is the idea that the behavioural changes are just a side-effect of parasitic infection and confer no adaptive value for either the parasite or its host. However this is a questionable explanation as it is highly unlikely that any such change in behaviour will not provide a positive effect for either organism. Therefore this explanation should only be used if there is strong supporting evidence and not used as a default explanation, for example the parasitic cestode, Hymenolepis diminuta was shown to cause reduced fecundity in females of the beetle intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor and was seen as a side-effect, until further research discovered that the parasite produced a substance that inhibited vitellogenin uptake (Moore, 2012). Seco ndly some behavioural changes may be considered beneficial to the parasite, but are not due to manipulation by the parasite in order to do so, for example when the parasite Ligula intestinalis infects the Roach (Rutilus rutilus) a change in host migration to areas where predation by the parasites definitive host, ichtyopahgous predatory birds, are more common is observed (Loot et al., 2001). However it was found that these areas are more productive and it is therefore more likely that the increased energy demands caused by the parasitic infection had caused the Roach to migrate to these areas in order to negate this negative effect of the parasitic infection and increase its own fitness. Thirdly other adaptations by the parasite may have coincidentally caused behavioural changes in the host which unintentionally led to an increase in the transmission of the parasite to its definitive host, for example Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) are commonly infected by the trematode, Orni thodiplostomum ptychocheilus which caused a reduction in behaviours associated with host vision by the encystment of the parasite in the optic lobes, which leads to an increase in its predation by piscivorous birds. However this encystment in the eye may originally been favored by selection as it offers the parasite protection from the host’s immune system and not because it increased the transmission of the parasite to its definitive host (Shirakashi and Goater, 2005) On the other hand the argument for the adaptive nature of behavioural changes of the host during parasite infection is normally supported by the idea that it should show some degree of specificity in the intermediate host, for example P. laevis induces various behavioural and physiological changes in the crustacean amphipod, Gammarus pulex, such as altered drifting behaviour, altered anti-predator behaviour, partial castration and lower immune activity. These changes are not observed in Gammarus roeseli a closely related species, showing that the alterations by the parasite are specific to Gammarus pulex (Lagrue et al., 2007) Examinations on the effect of the acanthocephalan parasite, Moniliformis moniliformis on the behaviour of different species of cockroaches by Moore and Gotelli found that different behavioural changes had evolved for different species of cockroach supporting the adaptive nature of the host behavioural change (cited in Poulin, 1998). Indirect methods have also be en used to demonstrate the adaptive nature of altered behaviours in the host by determining whether the timing of observed behavioural changes coincide with the period when the parasite is infective to its next host. For example Tribolium confusum beetles infected with the nematode, Protospirura muricola only show observable changes in the behaviour of the beetles that make them more vulnerable to predation when the parasite has developed to the third larval stage. No behavioural change is observed in beetles home to the first and second larval stage. (Schutgens et al., 2013) Behaviour as a Form of Host Defense Not all changes in behaviour can be attributed to the manipulation of the host by the parasite as they do not benefit the parasite. The host is under selection to avoid parasites, and when possible to compensate for the negative effects of infection. Behaviour is often used in order to achieve this and is the first line of defence against parasites as it allows animals to avoid becoming infected in the first place (Moore, 2012). Animals may avoid infection by parasite propagules through behavioural means such as territoriality, site-specific defecation and mate selection. More drastic measures may be taken when trying to avoid ectoparasites, including migration, shifting habitats and lethal combat e.g. howler monkeys invest a significant proportion of their energy to slap at flies, and execute over 1500 slaps in a 12 hour resting period. Once a host becomes infected with a parasite, its behaviour will also be altered in order to minimise damage caused by the parasite. For example ani mals display sickness behaviours e.g. fever and behavioural chills, which may help in obtaining the benefit of increased care from other members of a group/population. Some animals, for example Chimpanzees, show self-medicating behaviour in which infected animals may consume medicinal plants that are not part of their usual diet. It is also possible in some cases that both parasite and host are shown to benefit from a change in host behaviour, in these cases it can be difficult to determine which organism is responsible for change, or whether it is a shared adaptation, for example caterpillars of several butterfly species play host to braconid wasp parasitoids and unlike non-parasitised individuals they perch at the top of high branches. It has been suggested this benefits the host by making itself more likely to eaten by a predator, killing both the parasitoid and host, but protecting its nearby relatives from the parasite. However it may also help the parasite by reducing the risk of hyperparasitism and therefore increasing its chance of survival. (Poulin, 1998). Conclusion Up to this point mainly laboratory based studies have been carried out in order to assess host behavioural changes due to parasite infection. Future research into the area needs to include field based studies in order to fully assess these changes in the natural environment. Currently very little is known about the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying these changes. Therefore the basis as to how parasites cause these behavioural changes in there host is an area that needs to be addressed in order for these behavioural changes to ever be fully understood. Word Count: 1490 References Thomas, F., Adamo, S. and Moore, J. 2005. Parasitic manipulation: where are we and where should we go? Behavioural Processes, 68: 185-199 Poulin, R. 2000. Manipulation of host behaviour by parasites: a weakening paradigm? Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences, 267 (1445): 787-792 Wheat, S. E. B. 2009. Parasitic manipulation: The current state and future direction. University of Sheffield, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences Kavaliers, M., Colwell, D. D. and Choleris, E. 2000. Parasites and behaviour: An ethopharmacological perspective. Parasitology Today. 16 (11): 464-468 Eberhard, G. W. 2010. New types of behavioural manipulation of host spiders by a parasitoid wasp. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 2010: 1-4 Poulin, R. 1998. Evolution and phylogeny of behavioural manipulation of insect hosts by parasites. Parasitology. 116: S3-S11 Cator, L. J., Lynch, P. A., Thomas, M. B. and Read, A. F. 2014. Alterations in mosquito behaviour by malaria parasites: potential impact on force of infection. Malaria Journal. 13(164) Worth, A. R., Lymbery, A. J. and Thompson, R. C. A. 2013. Adaptive host manipulation by Toxoplasma gondii: fact or fiction? Trends in Parasitology. 29(4): 150-155 Hatcher, M. J., Dick, J. T. A. and Dunn, A. M. 2014. Parasites that change predator or prey behaviour can have keystone effects on community composition. Biology Letters. 10: 20130879 Moore, J. 2012. An overview of parasite-induced behavioural alterations – and some lessons from bats. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 216: 11-17 Loot, G., Brosse, S., Lek, S. and Guegan, J. F. 2001. Behaviour of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) altered by Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea: a field demonstration. Freshwater Biology. 46: 1219-1227 Shirakashi, S. and Goater, C. P. 2005. Chronology of parasite-induced alteration of fish behaviour; effects of parasite maturation and host experience. Parasitology. 130: 177-183 Lagrue, C., Kaldonski, N., Perrot-Minnot, M. J., Motreuil, S. and Bollache, L. 2007. Modification of hosts’ behaviour by a parasite: field evidence for adaptive manipulation. Ecology. 88(11): 2839-2847 Schutgens, M., Cook, B., Gilbert, F. and Behnke, J. M. 2013. Behavioural changes in the flour beetle Tribolium confusum infected with the spirurid nematode Protospirura muricola. Journal of Helminthology. 1-12

Free Waste Land Essays: A New Understanding :: T.S. Eliot Waste Land Essays

The Waste Land: A New Understanding The Waste Land, Eliot's first long philosophical poem, can now be read simply as it was written, as a poem of radical doubt and negation, urging that every human desire be stilled except the desire for self-surrender, for restraint, and for peace. Compared with the longing expressed in later poems for the "eyes" and the "birth," the "coming" and "the Lady" (in "The Hollow Men," the Ariel poems, and "Ash-Wednesday"), the hope held out in The Waste Land is a negative one. Following Hugh Kenner's recommendation, we should lay to rest the persistent error of reading The Waste Land as a poem in which five motifs predominate: the nightmare journey, the Chapel, the Quester, the Grail Legend, and the Fisher King. The motifs are indeed introduced, as Eliot's preliminary note to his text informs us, but if (as this note says) "the plan and a good deal of the incidental symbolism of the poem were suggested by Miss Jessie L. Weston's book on the Grail legend," the plan can only have been to ques tion, and even to propose a life without hope for, a quest, or Chapel, or Grail in the modern waste land. The themes of interior prison and nightmare city--or the "urban apocalypse" elucidated by Kenner and Eleanor Cook--make much better sense when seen as furnishing the centripetal "plan" and "symbolism," especially when one follows Cook's discussion of the disintegration of all European cities after the First World War and the poem's culminating vision of a new Carthaginian collapse, imagined from the vantage point of India's holy men. A passage canceled in the manuscript momentarily suggested that the ideal city, forever unrealizable on earth, might be found (as Plato thought) "in another world," but the reference was purely sardonic. Nowhere in the poem can one find convincing allusions to any existence in another world, much less to St. Augustine's vision of interpenetration between the City of God and the City of Man in this world. How, then, can one take seriously attempts to find in the poem any such quest for eternal life as the Grail legend would have to provide if it were a continuous motif--even a sardonic one? It seems that only since Eliot's death is it possible to read his life forward--understanding The Waste Land as it was written, without being deflected by our knowledge of the writer's later years.

Critical Review for the Article Essay

The electronic journal entitled: ‘The Long-Term Performance of Horizontal Acquisition’, by Laurence Capron of the Institut Europeen d’Administration des Affaires (INSEAD), published in 1999 by the Wiley and Sons publishing, has studied the creation of â€Å"horizontal mergers and acquisition†. In Capron’s paper, he dated his studies from mid-1980’s to early 1990’s financing strategies of firms in divesting and liquidating its assets which he referred as the â€Å"horizontal mergers and acquisition†. Capron has cited about 253 firms in Europe and America that patterns the financing strategies. According to Capron (1999), examination reveals divestment of assets and capital infusion (re-financing of liquidated assets) makes effective to â€Å"acquisition performance†, but could have potentially detrimental impact. As what Capron emphasized on the performance of acquisition based on â€Å"divestment and redeployment (re-acquisition) of resources†, his study examines the defects and compliments on effective means in â€Å"horizontal mergers and acquisition†. Key points and rationale As reviewed from the journal, the â€Å"horizontal acquisitions† may be exemplified as a means and strategy in establishing the resource-divestment scheme, in which by doing so, it â€Å"optimizes or exploits the values of cost-based and revenue-based synergies† (Capron 1999: p. 988). As explained, it may be perceived that the â€Å"synergy† patterns the continuing acquirement of business values, as a result of divestment wherein merging of the newly diversified firm or business values acquires more assets and capital budget. According to Capron (1999), the cost efficiency theory emphasizes on the significance of cost-based synergies that occur when assets have been divested resulting the integration of cost-saving measures. Thus, the firm performs effectively in enhancing its revenues that synergizes with the redistribution of the capital towards an enhanced capability. It may be analyzed from the findings of Capron that the 1980’s and 1990’s rapid growth of industries brought about by globalization have emerged more investments in the supply chain. One of which is the positioning of developed and high-end industries within raw material sources. Like, for example, diversification process has been developed in Asian countries wherein more investment in cheap raw materials and labor are available and can be acquired easily. The â€Å"horizontal acquisition† could be drawn from establishing partnership, subsidiary in operation, joint ventures and inter-dependency in export and import schemes. Hence, for example â€Å"Company A† has divested in establishing â€Å"Company B† to engage in tire manufacturing that source out the cheapest raw materials. In which case, a diversified industrial firm could venture out into â€Å"versatile† business values that optimize capital investments for a larger revenue generation translated into cost effectiveness that means substantial profitability. In Capron’s finding, the so-called â€Å"economy of scale† became the bases of diversification process that paved the way to a â€Å"large-scale† industrialization. The 20th century practice of the economy of scale has favored more industries to capture the â€Å"investment areas†, specifically in poor countries. The â€Å"dispensation of merging† through open-ended stockholding in small-medium-large enterprises units has put significant relevance in acquiring industrial partnership, wherein capital investment has a critical role in merging companies. As cited from Capron’s findings, the logical economic explanation is capturing revenue-based synergies which are commonly identified as allocating and complementing resources by providing â€Å"core competencies† or â€Å"mobilizing invisible assets† (Penrose 1959; in Capron 1999: p. 989). As cited, Capron also pointed out in his â€Å"theoretical model† of post-acquisition and target redeployment (Capron 1999: pp. 990-995). According to Capron, the theory describes the diversification process as focusing on (1) asset divestiture, (2) cost-saving, (3) resource redeployment, and (4) revenue-enhancing capabilities as an effective means of â€Å"acquisition performance† (Capron 1999: p. 992). The theoretical model refers to and explains the â€Å"basic economic behavior† as outlined in the acquisition performance. Capron further theorized that capabilities in a divested firm are being distributed as an organizational undertaking. Meaning, it can be explained that the system of corporate governance and human resources are distributed or being shared that composes the acquisition performance. However, key â€Å"organic elements† were emphasized to have been integrated in the divestment process, in which the re-deployment (or deployment) of the organizational â€Å"system or setting† are acquired. Conclusion Capron’s examination on the horizontal acquisition and projection of model in strategic post-acquisition and redeployment could be understood as a fundamental undertaking in diversification process. It may be true that most of merging firms in their acquired assets or business are mainly distributing their in-placed â€Å"organizational or corporate system†. However, the merging firms could likewise optimize or â€Å"streamline the existing organizational set-up, which is the common occurrence in most firms that undertaken a â€Å"buy-out†. It may be perceived that the revenue-generation could be largely acquired into options by streamlining the existing organizational set-up or re-organizing both human and capital resources. Capron’s findings have emphasized more on the performance capability on the theory of â€Å"horizontal acquisition† referring only to capital budget, as implied on the capital resources or fixed assets of the firms. The human resource aspect [as a critical unit] of the post-acquisition process may have not been well emphasized. What has been generally discussed in the study is the transformative business value in divestment schemes referring to capital investments and fixed asset liquidation. It could be reflected that the capital investment and fixed asset liquidation are the critical factors in the divestment schemes as the primary resource of merging stakeholder. It could be suggested that the â€Å"potentially detrimental impact† [as also pointed out by Capron] could be referred to the human resources or labor force in a diversified industry. The merging stakeholder in Capron’s findings were much given relevance on how they could effectively perform in targeting their post-acquisition and redeployment, in which the study itself envisions to complement the performance capabilities of the stakeholders. At this point, we may re-examine Capron’s â€Å"theoretical model† as giving more â€Å"weight† to the envisioning of transnational and multi-national enterprises in furtherance of globalization, in which the continuing divestment scheme competes in the large scale economy of labor market and capital build-up. We may then conclude that Capron’s findings could be re-examined with further studies relating to human resources re-deployment or deployment on its horizontal development complementing the diversification of industries, in which the parallelism envisions both human and capital divestment. Section B Morrison’s bid to Safeway The electronic magazine of the Financial Times on its December 8th 2003 issue at the www. ft. com web site has published the news article of Richard Milne entitled: ‘Countdown Starts for Morrison’s Bid for Safeway’. According to the news article, the Morrison Supermarket bided 21 days from its competitors, such as Tesco, J. Sainsbury and Asda-WalMart, following the UK government’s offer to sell the Safeway supermarket. The UK Department of Trade and Industry disclosed that â€Å"Morrison was willing to sell its 53 stores if acquisition of Safeway is successful† (Richard Milne 2003; in Ft. com 2008). Morrison’s negotiation was favored by the UK Competition Commission that disqualified the three major competitors from the bidding and upheld Morrison to takeover Safeway with a share of 219-1/2 from the 279-1/2, in which Safeway acknowledged the buy out. In a follow up report in 2004, after a year of the buy out, the Safeway has gained 40% of sales growth. Financial analysts claimed that Safeway has â€Å"migrated customers† to Morrison supermarket, as it cited that â€Å"quality of sales has gone better because Morrison has stopped the Safeway policy of rolling deep discounts† (Martin Dickson 2004; in Ft. com 2008). Perception of the issue Morrison’s takeover of Safeway supermarket has gauged the situation of significant financial divestment venture. The business potentials of Safeway [being an established supermarket that solely competes with Tesco, J. Sainsbury and Asda-WalMart] were the â€Å"strong intent† of financial divestment of Morrison to even offer the sell of its 53 stores. The financial divestment of Morrison could be relating Capron’s findings on the â€Å"horizontal acquisition† of merging stakeholders by way of capital investments through diversified assets. In which case, the Safeway supermarket has found by Morrison as a â€Å"potential divestiture† that shall absorb the vulnerability from tough competitors. The merging of stakeholder through a buy-out or takeover of an established investment [like Safeway] may have validated Capron’s theory of â€Å"post-acquisition and redeployment†, in which Morrison has able to â€Å"contain† the migratory customers and could further develop the acquisition performance of divesting financial investments. The divestment process of Morrison’s takeover to Safeway has likewise described Capron’s finding on merging firms that engages in the economy of scale. One that Morrison has learned from the Safeway’s enterprise approach on rolling deep discounts, wherein it found to be defeating the â€Å"selling schemes†. Thus, managing the risks in â€Å"horizontal acquisition† has gained Morrison’s capability to undertake strategic competition that transformed the â€Å"old Morrison business† through the new outfit of Safeway supermarket. It may be then generally perceived that Capron’s theory on â€Å"horizontal acquisition† has transformative business value in enhancing the financial investment and liquidating a frozen asset [like Morrison’s 53 stores that are non-performing], of which a â€Å"unilateral† financial divestment scheme in managing risk investment, that is vulnerable to tightened competition, gains flexibility upon acquiring an established business venture. However, this assumption is perceptive of a challenge to the continuing financial divestment of core industries in the global market. List of References Capron, L. (1999) ‘The Long-Term Performance of Horizontal Acquisition’. Strategic Management Journal, pp. 987-1018, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. , CCC 0143– 2095/99/110987–32. Dickson, M. (2004). ‘Companies UK: Safeway Sale’. The Financial Times (2008). [online] available from

Compulsory Rotatory Internship Programme ( Crip ) And The...

Long working hours and stressful working environment along with the immense pressure of impending PG entrance exam hinder the affectivity of the Compulsory Rotatory Internship Programme (CRIP). Our study is an attempt to find the views regarding Compulsory Rotatory Internship Programme (CRIP) and the preferred post graduate specialities among interns from NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Nagpur. METHOD A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted; the questionnaire was well structured and was developed after reviewing the literature extensively. The study was conducted after approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee of NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences Research Center, Nagpur. Part I: Eighty nine interns who had completed one year rotating internship programme at NKPSIMS RC were enrolled in the study. Data was collected with the use of pretested semi structured proforma. This was including questions regarding socio-demographic pro le, preference for the specialty, factors responsible for the selection of particular branch and perceptions about working in rural areas. Interns were allowed to choose only one answer in each question. Data was collected and entered into spreadsheet of MS Excel. Later on it was analyzed with the use of Epi-Info software. Part II: Focus group discussion (FGD) was held with these interns in batches of 10. Set of discussion topics were used for the FGDs were skill development, facilities during